使用 Firebase 雲端通訊接收訊息

本指南說明如何在行動和網頁用戶端應用程式中設定 Firebase Cloud Messaging，以便穩定接收訊息。

用戶端應用程式安裝在裝置上後，即可透過 FCM APNs 介面接收訊息。您可以使用通知撰寫工具，立即開始向使用者區隔傳送通知，也可以透過應用程式伺服器建立訊息。

處理快訊通知

FCM 會透過 APNs 傳送所有以 Apple 應用程式為目標的訊息。如要進一步瞭解如何使用 UNUserNotificationCenter 接收 APNs 通知，請參閱 Apple 說明文件「處理通知和通知相關動作」。

您必須設定 UNUserNotificationCenter 委派，並實作適當的委派方法，才能接收 FCM 的顯示通知。

Swift 


extension AppDelegate: UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
  // Receive displayed notifications for iOS 10 devices.
  func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                              willPresent notification: UNNotification) async
    -> UNNotificationPresentationOptions {
    let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo

    // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
    // Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

    // ...

    // Print full message.
    print(userInfo)

    // Change this to your preferred presentation option
    return [[.alert, .sound]]
  }

  func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                              didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse) async {
    let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo

    // ...

    // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
    // Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

    // Print full message.
    print(userInfo)
  }
}

AppDelegate.swift

Objective-C 

// Receive displayed notifications for iOS 10 devices.
// Handle incoming notification messages while app is in the foreground.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
       willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification
         withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // ...

  // Print full message.
  NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);

  // Change this to your preferred presentation option
  completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge | UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}

// Handle notification messages after display notification is tapped by the user.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response
         withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
  if (userInfo[kGCMMessageIDKey]) {
    NSLog(@"Message ID: %@", userInfo[kGCMMessageIDKey]);
  }

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // Print full message.
  NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);

  completionHandler();
}

AppDelegate.m

如要在通知中新增自訂動作，請在通知酬載中設定 click_action 參數。請使用您在 APNs 酬載中用於 category 鍵的值。自訂動作必須先註冊才能使用。詳情請參閱 Apple 的本機和遠端通知程式設計指南。

如要深入瞭解訊息傳送至應用程式的情況，請參閱 FCM 報表資訊主頁，其中會記錄在 Apple 和 Android 裝置上傳送及開啟的訊息數量，以及 Android 應用程式的「曝光次數」(使用者看到的通知) 資料。

處理無聲推播通知

使用 content-available 鍵 (相當於 APNs 的 content-available) 傳送訊息時，訊息會以無聲通知的形式傳送，在背景喚醒應用程式，執行背景資料重新整理等工作。與前景通知不同，這類通知必須使用 application(_:didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:) 方法處理。

實作 application(_:didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:)，如下所示：

Swift

func application(_ application: UIApplication,
                 didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable: Any]) async
  -> UIBackgroundFetchResult {
  // If you are receiving a notification message while your app is in the background,
  // this callback will not be fired till the user taps on the notification launching the application.
  // TODO: Handle data of notification

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

  // Print message ID.
  if let messageID = userInfo[gcmMessageIDKey] {
    print("Message ID: \(messageID)")
  }

  // Print full message.
  print(userInfo)

  return UIBackgroundFetchResult.newData
}

AppDelegate.swift

Objective-C

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
    fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler {
  // If you are receiving a notification message while your app is in the background,
  // this callback will not be fired till the user taps on the notification launching the application.
  // TODO: Handle data of notification

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // ...

  // Print full message.
  NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);

  completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData);
}
AppDelegate.m

Apple 平台無法保證會傳送背景通知。如要瞭解可能導致背景通知失敗的條件，請參閱 Apple 的「將背景更新推送至應用程式」文件。

解讀通知訊息酬載

通知訊息的酬載是鍵和值的字典。 透過 APNs 傳送的通知訊息採用下列 APNs 酬載格式：

  {
    "aps" : {
      "alert" : {
        "body" : "great match!",
        "title" : "Portugal vs. Denmark",
      },
      "badge" : 1,
    },
    "customKey" : "customValue"
  }

處理停用方法調換的訊息

根據預設，如果您將應用程式的應用程式委派類別指派給 UNUserNotificationCenter 和 Messaging 委派屬性，FCM 會交換應用程式委派類別，自動將 FCM 權杖與裝置的 APNs 權杖建立關聯，並將通知接收事件傳遞至 Analytics。如果您明確停用方法調換、建構 SwiftUI 應用程式，或是使用個別類別做為任一委派，則必須手動執行這兩項工作。

如要將 FCM 權杖與裝置 APNs 權杖建立關聯，請使用 apnsToken 屬性，將 APNs 權杖傳遞至應用程式委派項目的權杖重新整理處理常式中的 Messaging 類別。

Swift

func application(_ application: UIApplication,
    didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken deviceToken: Data) {
  Messaging.messaging().apnsToken = deviceToken;
}

Objective-C

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
    didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
  [FIRMessaging messaging].APNSToken = deviceToken;
}

如要將通知接收資訊傳遞至 Analytics，請使用 appDidReceiveMessage(_:) 方法。

Swift

func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                            willPresent notification: UNNotification,
  withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
  let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo

  Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

  // Change this to your preferred presentation option
  completionHandler([[.alert, .sound]])
}

func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                            didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse,
                            withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
  let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo

  Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

  completionHandler()
}

func application(_ application: UIApplication,
didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable : Any],
  fetchCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UIBackgroundFetchResult) -> Void) {
  Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
  completionHandler(.noData)
}

Objective-C

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
      willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification
        withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;

  [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // Change this to your preferred presentation option
  completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge | UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response
        withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;

  [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  completionHandler();
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult result))completionHandler {
  [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
  completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNoData);
}